In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extracts of Neem, Papaya Leaves, and Garlic Compared to the Antimicrobial Agent Enrofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus: Herbal Versus Synthetic Antibacterial

Baby Yasmeen; Shamsuddin Bughio; Rehana Buriro; Jamila Soomro; Sajid Ali; Memoona Khalid; Vinod Kumar; Quratulain Aziz; Abdul Kabir

doi:10.54393/mjz.v6i1.156

Authors

Baby Yasmeen Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry of Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
Shamsuddin Bughio Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry of Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
Rehana Buriro Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry of Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
Jamila Soomro Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry of Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
Sajid Ali Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry of Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
Memoona Khalid Department of Live Stock Management, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
Vinod Kumar Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry of Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
Quratulain Aziz Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
Abdul Kabir Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/mjz.v6i1.156

Keywords:

Buffalo Mastitis Management, Herbal Antibacterial Extracts, Papaya for Resistance, Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Mastitis is a significant health issue in buffaloes, commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and is increasingly complicated by antimicrobial resistance. There is a growing interest in alternative therapies, particularly plant-based antimicrobials. Objective: To evaluate and compare the in vitro antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica), papaya leaves (Carica papaya), and garlic (Allium sativum) with enrofloxacin against S. aureus isolated from mastitis-infected buffalo milk. Methods: Fifty mastitis milk samples were collected and tested for the presence of S. aureus using cultural, staining, and biochemical techniques. Ethanol extracts were prepared from neem, papaya leaves, and garlic. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of each extract and enrofloxacin was determined using serial dilution techniques. Results: Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 24% of the samples. MIC values for neem, garlic, papaya, and enrofloxacin were 2.5 µg/µl, 0.312 µg/µl, 0.156 µg/µl, and 5 µg/µl, respectively. Papaya leaf extract showed the highest efficacy with the lowest MIC. All herbal extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05) among treatments. Conclusions: Ethanolic extracts of neem, garlic, and papaya demonstrated antibacterial activity against S. aureus, with papaya showing the highest potency. These findings suggest that herbal extracts could serve as effective alternatives or adjuncts to conventional antibiotics in managing buffalo mastitis.

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