Population Variation and Allometric Growth Patterns in Morphometric and Craniometric Traits of Cirrhinus mrigala Across Four Barrages in the Indus River Basin, Pakistan : Morphometric and Craniometric Traits of Cirrhinus mrigala

Ayesha Fiaz; Muhammad Ammar; Abdul Majid Khan; . Abdullah; Uzma Ihsan; Sidra Noreen; Israr Hussain

doi:10.54393/mjz.v6i4.196

Authors

Ayesha Fiaz Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Ammar Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Abdul Majid Khan Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
. Abdullah Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Uzma Ihsan Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Sidra Noreen Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Israr Hussain Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/mjz.v6i4.196

Keywords:

Allometric Growth, Morphological Divergence, Fish Morphology, Growth Pattern

Abstract

Cirrhinus mrigala is a freshwater fish species of the Cyprinidae family, which is economically significant and inhabits rivers, lakes and reservoirs and has been reported in the Indus River mainly, of Pakistan. Objective: To examine both morphmetric and craniometric differences of populations in four locations: Trimmu Barrage, Taunsa Barrage, Chashma Barrage and Sukkur Barrage, of C. mrigala. Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, a total of 60 samples were used and 34 morphometric and 7 craniometric characters were measured. Multivariate analysis revealed the presence of significant differences between the morphmetric and craniometric characters. Results: Fish in the Sukkur barrage were found to record the highest mean values of some of the morphometric and craniometric characters with intermediate values of the Chashma barrage and lowest values of Trimmu barrage. It is also important to note that there was moderate or weak correlation between total length and other morphetric characters, and negative allometric growth at Taunsa Barrage which could have been due to a number of factors in the environment. However, fish at Chashma Barrage showed a positive correlation which implies that fish have a good environment to grow. The craniometric characters of Chashma Barrage were a medium to poor correlation. Conclusion: These results emphasized the separation of morphology and allometric growth pattern of C. mrigala which would be of valuable relevance to taxonomists, aquaculture farmers and conservationists.

References

Chakraborty B. Cirrhinus Cirrhosus (Mrigal). CABI Compendium. 2024. doi: 10.1079/cabicompendium.88569

Kumar Dwivedi A, Kumar Sarkar U, Iqbal Mir J, Tomat P, Vyas V. The Ganges basin fish Cirrhinus mrigala (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae): detection of wild populations stock structure with landmark morphometry. Revista de biologia tropical. 2019 Jun; 67(3): 541-53. doi: 10.15517/rbt.v67i3.34424.

Jhingran VG. Fish and Fisheries of India. 1982.

Naz S, Chatha AM, Danabas D, Khan MF, Xu Y, Zhu P, Shafique L. Bioaccumulation Pattern and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Cirrhinus Mrigala At Panjnad Headworks, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Toxics. 2023 Jul; 11(7): 2-22.doi: 10.3390/toxics11070596

Mishra SP. Seasonal Variation in Gut Contents of Indian Major Carp, Cirrhinus Mrigala from Meeranpur Lake, India. Int. J. Biol. Innov. 2020; 2: 202-8. doi:10.46505/IJBI.2020.2216

Brosse S, Charpin N, Su G, Toussaint A, Herrera‐r GA, Tedesco PA et al. A Global Database on Morphological Traits of Freshwater Fishes. Global Ecology and Biogeography. 2021 Dec; 30(12): 2330-6. doi: 10.1111/geb.13395

Galappaththi EK, Susarla VB, Loutet SJ, Ichien ST, Hyman AA et al. Climate Change Adaptation in Fisheries. Fish and Fisheries. 2022 Jan; 23(1): 4-21. doi: 10.1111/faf.12595

Wang Y, Xie Y, Li Y, Peng F, Li J, Jiang W et al. Multivariate and Geometric Morphometrics Reveal Morphological Variation Among Sinibotia Fish. Biology. 2025 Sep; 14(9): 1177. doi: 10.3390/Biology14091177

Khan SA, Sherzada S, Ahmad QU, Hussain A, Hussain N, Nowosad J. Captive Breeding and Early Developmental Dynamics of Cirrhinus Mrigala: Implications for Sustainable Seed Production. Animals. 2024 Sep; 14(19): 2799.

Loy A, Mariani L, Bertelletti M, Tunesi L. Visualizing Allometry: Geometric Morphometrics in The Study of Shape Changes in The Early Stages of The Two‐Banded Sea Bream, Diplodus Vulgaris (Perciformes, Sparidae). Journal of Morphology. 1998 Aug; 237(2): 137-46. doi: 10.1002.

Betancur-R R, Wiley EO, Arratia G, Acero A, Bailly N, Miya M et al. Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes. BioMed Central Evolutionary Biology. 2017 Jul; 17(1): 162. doi: 10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3

Naseer A, Imran M, Khan Am, Ammar M. A Comparative Morphologic and Craniometric Analysis of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella) Population from Punjab, Pakistan. 2023 Apr; 19(4): 48-62.

Giri A, Bharti VK, Kalia S, Arora A, Balaje SS, Chaurasia OP. A Review on Water Quality and Dairy Cattle Health: A Special Emphasis on High-Altitude Region. Applied Water Science. 2020 Mar; 10(3): 79. doi: 10.1007/s13201-020-1160-0.

Hamda Azmat WA, Javid A, Hussain A, Hussain SM, Saeed Z et al. Chromium Contamination in Water, Sediment and its Bioaccumulation in Indian Major Carps in River Chenab, Pakistan. 2016. doi: 10.1007/s10661-016-5342-5

Dwivedi AK. Implications of Physical Barriers on Longitudinal Connectivity in the Ganga River System through Morphological Assessment of Cirrhinus Mrigala (Cyprinidae) Populations. Journal of Ichthyology. 2021 Mar; 61(2): 270-9. doi: 10.1134/S0032945221020053.

Hossain MA, Nahiduzzaman MD, Saha D, Khanam MU, Alam MS. Landmark-Based Morphometric and Meristic Variations of the Endangered Carp, Kalibaus Labeo Calbasu, From Stocks of Two Isolated Rivers, the Jamuna and Halda, and a Hatchery. Zoological Studies. 2010 Jul; 49(4): 556-63. doi: 10.17576/jsm-2017-4605-03.

Habib SS, Naz S, Mehmood R. Morphometric Relationships of Some Specified Species of Family Cyprinidae in Jinnah Barrage Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 2019; 7: 155-9. doi: 10.22271/j.ento.

Kaur V, Ana Y, Heer BK. Morphometric Analysis of Fish, Labeo Rohita (Hamilton) From Pond Near Kalayat, Kaithal, Haryana India. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies. 2019; 7: 299-306.

Akhtar T, Ghazanfar A, Shafi N. Length-Weight Relationships, Condition Factor and Morphometric Characteristics of Schizothoracinae from Neelum and Jhelum Rivers of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 2021 Feb 28; 53(1): 351. doi: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20180216090213.

Shukla R and Bhat A. Morphological Divergences and Ecological Correlates Among Wild Populations of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio). Environmental Biology of Fishes. 2017 Mar; 100(3): 251-64. doi: 10.1007/s10641-017-0576-3.